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KMID : 1011420200250020175
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Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
2020 Volume.25 No. 2 p.175 ~ p.185
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Changes in Macular Pigment Optical Density and Visual Acuity after Lutein Supplementation in Adults in Their 20s
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Lee Seong-Wook
Choi Sun-Mi
Shim Hyun-Suk
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Abstract
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Purpose: This study was conducted to determine whether lutein supplementation (including zeaxanthin) improves macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and visual acuity.
Methods: One hundred and twenty adults in their 20s (60 subjects in the experimental group that received lutein, 60 subjects in the control group) who had no systemic diseases or specific eye diseases (macular pigment degeneration and cataract) were included and allocated to experimental and control groups. The experimental and control groups were administered with 20 mg lutein (which naturally contains 1.5 mg zeaxanthin) and soybean oil in pill form, respectively, once a day for 6 months. MPOD was measured with a Macular Pigment Screener II (MPS II ®) every month, while distance and near visual acuities, refractive error (S.E), and contrast sensitivity were measured before and after 6 months of the supplementation.
Results: The MPOD in the control group did not improve after 6 months (baseline 0.64±0.10 to study end 0.63±0.13) in both eyes; the experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement from 0.62±0.11 before to 0.68±0.12 after the 6 months of supplementation (p=0.000, t=4.554). Subjects with high or low myopia in the experimental group also showed a statistically significant improvement in MPOD (right eye: high degree [p=0.029, t=2.435], low degree [p=0.000, t=4.160]; left eye: high degree [p=0.014, t=2.810], low degree [p=0.041, t=2.177]), while those with moderate myopia in the same group showed no significant change (right eye: p>0.05, t=0.569; left eye: p>0.05, t=0.535). The near visual acuities for both eyes in the experimental group significantly improved after the supplementation (p=0.001, t=3.419). Contrast sensitivity at most frequencies also improved for the right eye, left eye, and both eyes; there was no significant improvement in the right eye in the experimental group at high frequencies, and a decline was observed for all the frequencies in the right eye, left eye, and both eyes in the control group.
Conclusions: Lutein supplementation for 6 months improves MPOD, myopia, near visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity at selected frequencies.
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KEYWORD
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Macular pigment optical density, Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Contrast sensitivity
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